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mburnamfink 's review for:
Black Snow: Curtis LeMay, the Firebombing of Tokyo, and the Road to the Atomic Bomb
by James M. Scott, James M. Scott
Scott has written a number of dadly WW2 histories. I own and read a few, and they are consistently solid. Black Snow covers one of the more shameful moments in American military history; the campaign to obliterate Japan via firebombing during WW2.
The B-29 was the single most expensive weapon project of the war, more expensive than the Manhattan project. A solid generation ahead of the B-17s and B-24s that had devastated Germany, the B-29 was designed for high-altitude precision bombing. However, these early missions had no effect, with the jet stream scattering bombs, weather cutting out raids, and many planes lost to Japanese air defenses and accidents. The genial General Haywood Hansell, in charge of the operation, was wedded to doctrine and didn't have the guts to force a tactical change. He was dismissed and replaced with Lemay, an iron-hard veteran of Europe and the fiasco of bombing from China.
Lemay ran the numbers and switched from high altitude bombing to low-level incendiary raids. Japan's tightly packed wooden cities were tinderboxes, their night fighters lacking, and napalm cluster bombs could easily hit a target the size of a city. The results were catastrophic. The first raid killed perhaps 100,000 people in a single night. Subsequent raids killed tens of thousands. Lemay's bombers hit a city a night, limited only by the ability of the US Navy to keep shipping in incendiaries.
This book is at its best drawing from translated Japanese oral histories, a comprehensive account of survivors recorded in the 1970s. The raids were sheer horror, entire families dying by flame, smoke, heat, spontaneous combustion. Numbers can only say so much, stories of parents running from the flames, only to find their children roasted to death on their backs, say so much more. This is a hard book, and a necessary one.
Sherman was right. War is hell.
The B-29 was the single most expensive weapon project of the war, more expensive than the Manhattan project. A solid generation ahead of the B-17s and B-24s that had devastated Germany, the B-29 was designed for high-altitude precision bombing. However, these early missions had no effect, with the jet stream scattering bombs, weather cutting out raids, and many planes lost to Japanese air defenses and accidents. The genial General Haywood Hansell, in charge of the operation, was wedded to doctrine and didn't have the guts to force a tactical change. He was dismissed and replaced with Lemay, an iron-hard veteran of Europe and the fiasco of bombing from China.
Lemay ran the numbers and switched from high altitude bombing to low-level incendiary raids. Japan's tightly packed wooden cities were tinderboxes, their night fighters lacking, and napalm cluster bombs could easily hit a target the size of a city. The results were catastrophic. The first raid killed perhaps 100,000 people in a single night. Subsequent raids killed tens of thousands. Lemay's bombers hit a city a night, limited only by the ability of the US Navy to keep shipping in incendiaries.
This book is at its best drawing from translated Japanese oral histories, a comprehensive account of survivors recorded in the 1970s. The raids were sheer horror, entire families dying by flame, smoke, heat, spontaneous combustion. Numbers can only say so much, stories of parents running from the flames, only to find their children roasted to death on their backs, say so much more. This is a hard book, and a necessary one.
Sherman was right. War is hell.